Vitamins and minerals, explained carefully
Micronutrient guides
What essential nutrients do, where food supplies them, and when supplements, medications, pregnancy, or kidney function change the conversation.
Potassium
Electrolyte balance, food sources, and kidney caution.
MicronutrientIodine
Thyroid hormones, iodized salt, and supplement caution.
MicronutrientCholine
Cell membranes, acetylcholine, and food sources.
MicronutrientFolate vs. folic acid
Forms, food sources, and pregnancy context.
MicronutrientVitamin A
Vision, immunity, carotenoids, and supplement safety.
MicronutrientVitamin E
Antioxidant function, foods, and medication interactions.
MicronutrientVitamin K
Clotting proteins, leafy greens, and warfarin consistency.
MicronutrientSelenium
Thyroid enzymes, variable foods, and the upper limit.
MicronutrientCopper
Iron metabolism, connective tissue, and zinc interactions.
MicronutrientPhosphorus
Bones, ATP, food additives, and kidney context.
MicronutrientThiamin (B1)
Energy metabolism, foods, and deficiency context.
MicronutrientRiboflavin (B2)
Food sources, cell metabolism, and supplement context.
MicronutrientNiacin (B3)
Niacin equivalents, flushing, and high-dose safety.
MicronutrientPantothenic acid (B5)
Coenzyme A, broad food sources, and rare deficiency.
MicronutrientVitamin B6
Protein metabolism and high-dose nerve risk.
MicronutrientBiotin (B7)
Food sources, hair claims, and lab-test interference.
MicronutrientVitamin B12
Fortified foods, vegan diets, nerves, and blood cells.
MicronutrientVitamin C
Collagen, food sources, immunity claims, and limits.
MicronutrientVitamin D
Bone health, food, sunlight, testing, and supplements.
MicronutrientCalcium
Bone, muscle, food sources, and supplement context.
MicronutrientIron
Oxygen transport, athletes, testing, and overload risk.
MicronutrientMagnesium
Enzymes, muscle and nerve function, foods, and supplements.
MicronutrientManganese
Enzymes, plant foods, rare deficiency, and excess.
MicronutrientChromium
Changing evidence, food variability, and supplement claims.
MicronutrientZinc
Immune function, foods, deficiency, and copper balance.